| 
				
				µC implements Pushbutton Light Dimmers: 06/18/98 EDN-Design 
				Ideas  | 
			
				| 
				
				10 Tricks for Interfacing to the PIC16C508: 
				 | 
			
				| 
				
				101 AT Keyboard to ASCII Decoder using 68HC705J1MCU: 
				 | 
			
				| 
				
				101 AT Keyboard to ASCII Decoder: The Host to Keyboard 
				Protocol is initiated by taking the KBD data line low. However 
				to prevent the keyboard from sending data at the same Time that 
				you attempt to send the keyboard data, it is common to take the 
				KBD Clock line low for more than 60us. This is more than one bit 
				length. Then the KBD data line is taken low, while the KBD clock 
				line is released.  | 
			
				| 
				
				12C508 Smart Lock: The base sends a data sequence (the 
				password) which is recognized by the key. The key checks the 
				sequence and -if it recognizes it -sends to the base another 
				data sequence, as an answer to the password. At the Time when 
				the base gets a correct answer (which means that the key has 
				been introduced), the relay is put into action, and it can 
				command a number of consumers.  | 
			
				| 
				
				15 Step Digital Power Supply:  | 
			
				| 
				
				2 Chip Digital Thermometer Delivers 0.4°C Accuracy : 
				07/08/02 Electronic Design - Ideas for Design / An LED digital 
				thermometer with an operating range between 0°C and 150°C, 1°C 
				resolution, and ±0.4°C accuracy is presented in the figure. This 
				design is based on the PIC16F872...   | 
			
				| 
				
				2 Transistors Form Bidirectional Level Translator: 11/07/96 
				EDN-Design Ideas / Illustrates a translation from5 to3V, but it 
				can accommodate almost any other voltage levels, provided the 
				logic-low levels are equal (usually0V), translation from1 
				to100-Volt are possible although slow. | 
			
				| 
				2 
				Wire LCD Interface using PIC16CF84:  | 
			
				| 
				
				24 Bit RGB Video Digitizer: designed for use as the front 
				end of a digital video processor  | 
			
				| 
				
				68HC11 Function Generator:  | 
			
				| 
				
				68HC11 Instruction halts External RC Clock: 04/27/95 EDN-Design 
				Ideas  | 
			
				| 
				
				68HC11 Stepper Motor Control:  | 
			
				| 
				
				68HC11 Synthesizes Accurate Sine Wave: 09/02/96 EDN-Design 
				Ideas  | 
			
				| 
				
				About PIC Microcontrollers:  | 
			
				| 
				
				AFSK 1200 Modem Based on PIC16C620:  | 
			
				| 
				
				Analog input circuit serves any microcontroller: 12/20/2001 
				EDN - Design Ideas / The simple ADC in Figure 1 is perfect for 
				getting analog signals into a purely digital microcontroller. 
				Using just five surface-mount parts, you can assemble it for 
				less than 50 cents (1000), which is approximately half the cost 
				of a single-chip-ADC approach in the same volume. Moreover, this 
				design takes only one pin from the microcontroller to operate. . | 
			
				| 
				
				Analog to Digital Conversion Notes for PIC Processor: 
				 | 
			
				| 
				
				Array Logic Provides High Speed Multiplication: 07/18/96 EDN-Design 
				Ideas  | 
			
				| 
				
				AT89C2051 / 4051 Driving Dot LED:  | 
			
				| 
				
				AT89C2051 / 4051 Easy Downloader:  | 
			
				| 
				
				AT89C2051 / 4051connecting Dumb Terminal: 
				 | 
			
				| 
				
				AT89C2051 / 4051scanning 7 Segment Display & Keypad: 
				 | 
			
				| 
				
				AT89C2051 / 4051Stepper Motor Interface: 
				 | 
			
				| 
				
				AT89C2051 Digital Thermometer & Clock:  | 
			
				| 
				
				AT89C2051 Line Follower Robot:  | 
			
				| 
				
				AT89C2051 Night Light Saver:  | 
			
				| 
				
				AT89C2051 Real Time Controller:  | 
			
				| 
				
				AT89C2051 Serial Coms to LED Driver:  | 
			
				| 
				
				AT89C51 / 52 / 55 Easy Downloader:  | 
			
				| 
				
				Atmel 8051 Flash Based Microcontroller Programmer: 
				 | 
			
				| 
				
				Atmel 89C Series Flash Microcontroller Programmer: 
				 | 
			
				| 
				
				AVR microcontroller makes improved motor controller: 
				10/17/2002  EDN - Design Ideas / The circuit in Figure 1 
				provides a novel method of reading the pulse train using an 
				Atmel (www.atmel.com) AVR processor, from a typical 
				radio-controlled receiver, and to determine the velocity of a 
				motor. To capture the pulse train from a typical receiver, you 
				need an external interrupt that triggers based on a rising and a 
				falling edge.. | 
			
				| 
				
				Basic Stamp Computer Eases Prototyping hassles: 04/09/98 EDN-Design 
				Ideas  | 
			
				| 
				
				Build a PIC Controlled DDS VFO, 0 to 6 MHz: 
				 | 
			
				| 
				
				Build Logic Gates using Discrete Parts:  | 
			
				| 
				
				C 52 EVB Robot Controller:  | 
			
				| 
				
				Casio QV 200 Digital Camera Cable: Lose your cable? Build it 
				yourself and save $29. Fits many QV models.  | 
			
				| 
				
				Circuit Controls Two LEDs With One Microcontroller Port Pin 
				: 04/01/02 Electronic Design - Ideas for Design / 
				Microcontroller port pins can typically be driven either high or 
				low, or else be put into an "input" or high-impedance state. 
				This circuit uses the three states to drive two separate LEDs 
				with one port pin. This can be very useful when there are no... 
				  | 
			
				| 
				
				Circuit Converts Between TTL & Shifted ECL: 08/15/96 EDN-Design 
				Ideas  | 
			
				| 
				
				Circuit forms industrial grade digital potentiometer: 
				09/20/2001 EDN - Design Ideas / Both ac and dc motors in modern 
				industrial systems often receive their control from PLCs 
				(programmable-logic controllers) in a control room safely away 
				from the process. If an operator must manually set the motor 
				speed while observing the proc. | 
			
				| 
				
				Circuit provides watchdog for microcontrollers: 12/26/2002  
				EDN - Design Ideas / The watchdog circuit in Figure 1 uses a 
				single NAND Schmitt-trigger IC. The circuit is more 
				cost-effective than dedicated, commercially available watchdog 
				ICs. The circuit generates an active-high reset signal upon 
				power-up and remains in a low state as long as the control input 
				receives pulses. Whenever the pulsing at the control input 
				stops, whether the circuit is in a high or a low state, th.... | 
			
				| 
				
				Circuit transmits ARINC 429 data: 07/11/2002  EDN - Design 
				Ideas / The ARINC (Aeronautical Radio Inc) 429 specification 
				defines the air transport industry's hardware and protocol 
				standards for the transfer of digital data between avionics 
				systems. Circuitry that can implement elements of the 429 spec 
				is often an essential part of control and sensor electronics 
				intended for the aviation environment.. | 
			
				| 
				
				Clock Divider Circuit:  | 
			
				| 
				
				Clock Doubling Circuit (500KHz) for CMOS Logic: Exclusive OR 
				gate  | 
			
				| 
				
				Closed Caption Decoder: This is a closed-caption decoder 
				with serial output, based on a PIC16C71, an Élantec EL4581C sync 
				separator, and an LM393 dual comparator (for data slicing with 
				automatic threshold).  | 
			
				| 
				
				Combination Lock (PIC16F84):  | 
			
				| 
				
				Connecting LED to PIC Micro I/O Pins:  | 
			
				| 
				
				Connecting PIC12C508 8 to 93AA46 Serial Eprom: 
				 | 
			
				| 
				
				Controller Provides Multiple Alarm Driver Formats: 01/15/98 
				EDN-Design Ideas  | 
			
				| 
				
				Correlator Works in Presence of Noise: 02/03/94 EDN-Design 
				Ideas / Clipped-signal Correlator outperforms any 
				resistor-capacitor clipped-signal Correlator, and the circuit 
				has no race paths | 
			
				| 
				
				Difference amplifier uses digital potentiometers: 
				05/30/2002  EDN - Design Ideas /  You sometimes 
				need to measure a small signal in the presence of a large 
				common-mode signal. Traditional instrumentation amplifiers that 
				use two or three op amps in their internal structure find common 
				use in these applications. The circuit in Figure 1 presents an 
				alternative approach that is useful when low cost and low drift 
				are important, but when you don't need high precision.. | 
			
				| 
				
				Digisound Ring Modulator:  | 
			
				| 
				
				Digisound VCDO Parts Lists / Layout:  | 
			
				| 
				
				Digital / Standard Phone Line Tester: make sure that the 
				line is suitable for modem use and your PCMCIA does not damage 
				if you plug it in  | 
			
				| 
				
				Digital Automatic Gain Control (AGC):  | 
			
				| 
				
				Digital Camera Interface: (PDF) project shows how a CMOS 
				‘Camera On a Chip’ image sensor can be interfaced to an XSA-100 
				Board through an I2C bus. The pixel data is buffered in the 
				XSA-100 SDRAM and is then uploaded through the parallel port to 
				be displayed on a PC.  | 
			
				| 
				
				Digital Combination Lock:  | 
			
				| 
				
				Digital Compass Schematic:  | 
			
				| 
				
				Digital current source is nonvolatile: 02/07/2002  EDN - 
				Design Ideas / Digitally programmable current 
				sources that feature automatic trimming and retain the setting 
				despite power-down cycles are useful in applications such as RF- 
				and laser-communications drivers. The circuit in Figure 1, for 
				example, is particularly suited for setting the drive current 
				for the optical pump in widely tunable VCSELs (vertical-cavity 
				surface-emitting lasers). . | 
			
				| 
				
				Digital Delay Unit for Surround Sound:  | 
			
				| 
				
				Digital Echo:  | 
			
				| 
				
				Digital Filter Makes Simple Spike Eliminator: 04/10/97 
				EDN-Design Ideas  | 
			
				| 
				
				Digital Frequency Counter:  | 
			
				| 
				
				Digital Knobs:  | 
			
				| 
				
				Digital Mains Voltage Indicator: | 
			
				| 
				
				Digital PC Oscilloscope:  | 
			
				| 
				Digital PLL 
				Synthesis: National Semiconductor Application 
				Notes,04-Nov-1995  | 
			
				| 
				
				Digital Position Encoder Does Away With ADC: 05/08/97 
				EDN-Design Ideas  | 
			
				| 
				
				Digital Pot Adjusts LCD's Contrast: 02/04/99 EDN-Design 
				Ideas  / PDF contains multiple circuits - scroll 
				to find circuit. | 
			
				| 
				
				Digital Pot Corrects for System Drift: 11/10/94 EDN-Design 
				Ideas  | 
			
				| 
				
				Digital Potentiometer Autonulls OpAmp: 10/22/98 EDN-Design 
				Ideas  | 
			
				| 
				
				Digital Potentiometer Controls LCD Bias: 03/17/94 EDN-Design 
				Ideas | 
			
				| 
				
				Digital Potentiometer Controls Phase Shift: 02/15/96 
				EDN-Design Ideas  | 
			
				| 
				
				Digital potentiometer programs and stabilizes voltage reference: 
				05/30/2002  EDN - Design Ideas / The 
				potentiometer portion of a mixed-signal, digitally programmable 
				potentiometer adds variability to an analog circuit, and its 
				digital controls provide programmability. You can use a digital 
				potentiometer in two ways in an analog circuit. You can use it 
				as a two-terminal variable resistance, or rheostat, or as a 
				three-terminal resistive divider.. | 
			
				| 
				
				Digital Pressure Gauge:  | 
			
				| 
				
				Digital Quality Microphone Pre Ampl. Using the Model 425 OPAMP
				:  | 
			
				| 
				
				Digital signal controls sine generator: 05/15/03  EDN-Design 
				Ideas / The circuit of Figure 1 produces an 
				accurate, variable-frequency sine wave for use as a 
				general-purpose reference signal. It includes an eighth-order 
				elliptic, switched-capacitor lowpass filter, IC3, which uses a 
				100-kHz square-wave clock signal that microcontroller IC2 
				generates. (Any other convenient square-wave source is also 
				acceptable... | 
			
				| 
				Digital 
				Signal Processor (DSP) for Radio Communications:  | 
			
				| 
				
				Digital Signals Produce Pure Sine Waves: 10/09/97 EDN-Design 
				Ideas  | 
			
				| 
				
				Digital Speed Control for RC Car: DC motor PWM controller 
				that takes the1ms to2ms pulse from the RC receiver and converts 
				it into a PWM train at1Khz  | 
			
				| 
				
				Digital Step Km Counter Max.: Pedometer has a range of 9.950 
				meters with2-digits. Slip it in pants pocket for walking and 
				jogging  | 
			
				| 
				
				Digital Stereo Potentiometer: in PDF format, text in Finnish 
				 | 
			
				| 
				
				Digital Storage Oscilloscope Adapter Mk #3:  | 
			
				| 
				
				Digital Storage Oscilloscope :  | 
			
				| 
				
				Digital Switching System:  | 
			
				| 
				
				Digital Sync tip Clamping: 10/08/98 EDN-Design Idea / Digital sync-tip Clamping allows an ac-coupled ADC to 
				digitize analog video without restoring the horizontal Timing. A 
				new approach to video signal conditioning. | 
			
				| 
				
				Digital Tachometer Avoids Analog Vices: 11/10/94 EDN-Design 
				Ideas  | 
			
				| 
				
				Digital thermometer:  | 
			
				| 
				
				Digital Timer has Independent On / Off Periods: 03/28/96 
				EDN-Design Ideas  | 
			
				| 
				
				Digital to Analog Centronics D / a & Filter:  | 
			
				| 
				
				Digital Video Processor:  | 
			
				| 
				
				Digital Video TBC / Standards Converter: This project is a 
				Time base corrector/standards converter. There is only a partial 
				project description available.  | 
			
				| 
				
				Digital Volt Meter With Video Output:  | 
			
				| 
				
				Digital Volt Meter:  | 
			
				| 
				
				DIGITAL VOLTMETER: This is just a schematic view of a 
				digital voltmeter all components and values are listed.  | 
			
				| 
				
				Digital volume control has log taper: 04/11/2002  EDN - 
				Design Ideas / Digital potentiometers provide a 
				compact and convenient way to attenuate audio-amplifier signals. 
				However, most such potentiometers suffer from at least one flaw: 
				a nonlogarithmic step increment. To avoid this problem, a user 
				must usually step. | 
			
				| 
				
				Digital Volume Control: based on DS1669 Digital Pot IC 
				 | 
			
				| 
				
				Digital Water Wave/Tide/Level Meter (PIC16F876):  | 
			
				| 
				
				Digitally Adjust Regulator's Output Using a JFET Interface : 
				04/29/02 Electronic Design - Ideas for Design / Often, electronic systems are guaranteed to operate with any 
				supply voltage, within a given VCC range. Testing these circuits 
				requires a regulated voltage supply that can be automatically 
				incremented, from a minimum to a certain maximum....   | 
			
				| 
				
				Digitally Control Gain over a ±40 DB Range: 09/12/97 
				EDN-Design Ideas / digitally control an 
				amplifiers gain over a ±40-dB range gain Resolution of1.25 dB | 
			
				| 
				
				Digitally Controlled Phase Shift: Altering the phase 
				response of a signal without changing its amplitude 
				characteristics is commonly performed using an all pass filter. 
				This circuit implementation is well suited to using digital 
				potentiometers as the controlling element.  | 
			
				| 
				
				Exclusive Or Gate Applications:  | 
			
				| 
				
				Generate Video Signals:  in real-time using a PIC16F84 
				 | 
			
				| 
				
				High Efficiency Halogen Bike Light Dimmer: This circuit uses 
				a PIC16F84 microcontroller with some software to 
				control20-Watt12V DC halogen lamp  | 
			
				| 
				
				High Performance FM Receiver for Audio & Digital:  | 
			
				| 
				
				Interfacing thePIC16C508:  | 
			
				| 
				
				Key reading circuit saves I/O pins: 03/06/03  EDN-Design 
				Ideas / Some microcontroller applications usually 
				use too many I/O pins to read keys or onboard switches; in many 
				cases, few pins remain available for other uses. Some 
				alternative ways to read keys yield more free pins. First, 
				consider some ways to effect key reading. Table 1 presents a 
				comparison of four methods with references to circuit 
				configurations (figures 1, 2, 3, and 4) | 
			
				| 
				
				Logic Family Voltage Translation: how to translate between 
				TTL, 74xx, CMOS, ECL, PECL, Low Voltage TTL, LVTTL, etc.  | 
			
				| 
				
				Logic offers complementary switch control: 12/06/2001 EDN - 
				Design Ideas / The complementary-switch 
				controller in Figure 1 uses a few inverter gates to provide 
				drive signals for the complementary switches. 
				Complementary-switch configurations find widespread use in 
				synchronous-rectification circuits, charge pumps, full-bridge 
				control circuits, and other circuits. The circuit in Figure 1 
				provides not only a complementary drive signal but also a deadtime delay ... . | 
			
				| 
				
				Logic Probe:  | 
			
				| 
				
				Low Cost Digital Thermometer Uses SingleChip Microcontroller 
				: 02/18/02 Electronic Design - Ideas for Design / In many applications, the ability to read and display 
				temperature is either desirable or an absolute requirement. Some 
				of these applications include temperature probes, thermostats, 
				CPU monitors, and process-control equipment. The ...   | 
			
				| 
				
				Low Voltage Interface Circuits Translate 1.8 to 5V: 11/05/98 
				EDN-Design Ideas  | 
			
				| 
				
				Low Voltage Reset operates Below 2.7V: 03/26/98 EDN-Design 
				Ideas  | 
			
				| 
				
				Make a DAC with a microcontroller's PWM timer: 09/05/2002  
				EDN - Design Ideas / Many 
				embedded-microcontroller applications require generation of 
				analog signals. An integrated or stand-alone DAC fills the role. 
				However, you can often use PWM signals for generating the 
				required analog signals. You can use PWM signals to create both 
				dc and ac analog signals. This Design Idea shows how to use a 
				PWM timer to simultaneously create a sinusoid, a ramp, and a dc 
				voltage.. | 
			
				| 
				
				Make noise with a PIC : 08/07/03  EDN-Design Ideas / Building a stable noise generator for audio-frequency 
				purposes requires only a few components. The circuit in Figure 1 
				relies on linear-feedback shift registers and some simple 
				software. An eight-pin Microchip (www.microchip.com) PIC12C508 
				controller (IC2) with a short program generates pseudorandom 
				noise at its output pin, GP0.... | 
			
				| 
				
				Methods Link ECL & PECL: 03/02/95 EDN-Design Ideas  | 
			
				| 
				
				Microcontroller becomes multifunctional: 10/25/2001 EDN - 
				Design Ideas / A microcontroller, by default, can 
				execute only one program at a time. What do you do if, in a 
				given project, you need to perform more than one operation at a 
				time? Add more microcontrollers to the design? In certain cases 
				it's unnecessary. Consider a real-life situation (Figure 1). The 
				microcontroller constantly generates on its Pulse output pin a 
				sequence of pulses with 25-msec duration... . | 
			
				| 
				
				Microcontroller Emulates Numerically Controlled Oscillator : 
				02/21/02 EDN-Design Ideas / Microcontrollers 
				commonly add intelligence or digital functions to products, but 
				they can also provide a variety of analog signals. This circuits 
				uses an18-pin PIC16C54 microcontroller, combined with an 
				inexpensive, 8-bit DAC and a simple lowpass filter. | 
			
				| 
				
				Microcontroller Interface for 5KWatt Microwave oven:  | 
			
				| 
				
				Microcontroller Makes Effective Frequency Counter: 11/23/00 
				EDN-Design Ideas / PDF contains multiple circuits - 
				scroll to find this circuit. 
 | 
			
				| 
				
				Microcontroller MultiChannel Light Dimmer: The project is a 
				microprocessor-controlled multiple channel lighting dimmer, that 
				could be used in theatrical and other applications. The device 
				will accept input from a wide range of interfaces: RS232 input, 
				DMX512 (theatrical lighting standard) or RS485, or a Musical 
				Instrument Digital Interface (MIDI). The device will control a 
				number of lamps by using some form of AC power control. The 
				firmware in the microcontroller will handle all functions, from 
				decoding the protocol on either of the input interfaces through 
				to Timing the firing of power triacs for the output.  | 
			
				| 
				
				Microcontroller Watches, Controls AC Power: 06/22/95 
				EDN-Design Ideas -- circuit allows an isolated microcontroller 
				to both sense and control ac power to an externally plugged-in 
				device  | 
			
				| 
				
				Microprocessor RS232 Reset:  | 
			
				| 
				
				MiniLOGGER V1.0:  | 
			
				| 
				
				Mk1 PC Based EPROM Programmer:  | 
			
				| 
				
				Mk2 PC Based EPROM Programmer:  | 
			
				| 
				
				Multi Chip Programmer:  | 
			
				| 
				
				Multimedia Electronic Crib: microcontroller based light 
				controller which generates sequence of day-night with light 
				fading, optional serial control interface, based on 87C51  | 
			
				| 
				
				One Microcontroller Serves Multiple External Interrupts: 
				02/01/01 EDN-Design Ideas / PDF contains multiple 
				circuits - scroll to find this circuit. | 
			
				| 
				
				Pedometer:  | 
			
				| 
				
				PIC 5x7 Display:  | 
			
				| 
				
				PIC Based Keyboard Emulator:  | 
			
				| 
				
				PIC Based Motor Controller:  | 
			
				| 
				
				PIC Based Web Server:  | 
			
				| 
				
				PIC Controlled DDS VFO, 0 to 6 MHz:  | 
			
				| 
				
				PIC Logic Probe With Pulser:  | 
			
				| 
				
				PIC Programmer: to download programs into PIC 
				microprocessors. | 
			
				| 
				
				PIC Tetris Game:  | 
			
				| 
				
				PIC12C508 Night Light Saver:  | 
			
				| 
				
				PIC16C84 VT 52 Emulator for Linux:  | 
			
				| 
				
				PIC16F84 Based Morse Code Reader:  | 
			
				| 
				
				PIC16F84 Debugging Terminal:  | 
			
				| 
				
				PIC16F84 Line Following Robot: | 
			
				| 
				
				PIC16F84 Miniature Real Time Controller:  | 
			
				| 
				
				PIC16F84 Programmer #2:  | 
			
				| 
				
				PIC16F84 Programmer:  | 
			
				| 
				
				PIC16F84 Serial I / O Expander With PicBasic:  | 
			
				| 
				
				PIC16F84 Ultrasonic Range Finder Project: | 
			
				| 
				
				PICADC a Free, PIC Based "intelligent" a / D Converter: 
				 | 
			
				| 
				
				PICDIM Application Note: This is a lamp dimmer design based 
				on PIC12C508 microcontroller.  | 
			
				| 
				Picxie 2 8x8 
				Animated LED Signboard:  | 
			
				| 
				
				PIXpand:  | 
			
				| 
				
				Precision Amplifier With Digital Control:  | 
			
				| 
				
				Precision Attenuator With Digital Control:  | 
			
				| 
				
				Precision Digital AC Power Controller:  | 
			
				| 
				
				Programmable Clock Oscillator: PIC-Tock video clock using a 
				PIC16C61  | 
			
				| 
				
				Programmable Logic Controller:  | 
			
				| 
				
				Programmable oscillator uses digital potentiometers: 
				03/07/2002  EDN - Design Ideas / Digital 
				potentiometers are versatile devices; you can use them in many 
				filtering and waveform-generation applications. This Design Idea 
				describes an oscillator in which setting the resistance of two 
				digital potentiometers independently programs the oscillation 
				amplitude and frequency. Figure 1 shows a typical 
				diode-stabilized Wien-bridge oscillator that generates accurate 
				sine waves fro... . | 
			
				| 
				
				Programmable oscillator uses digital potentiometers: 
				03/07/2002  EDN - Design Ideas / Digital 
				potentiometers are versatile devices; you can use them in many 
				filtering and waveform-generation applications. This Design Idea 
				describes an oscillator in which setting the resistance of two 
				digital potentiometers independently programs the oscillation 
				amplitude and frequency. Figure 1 shows a typical 
				diode-stabilized Wien-bridge oscillator that generates accurate 
				sine waves fro... . | 
			
				| 
				
				Programmer Software for Lattice GDS chips.:  | 
			
				| 
				
				Random Bit Sequence Generator:  | 
			
				| 
				
				Read Temperature With One Digital Output and One Digital Input
				: 03/04/02 Electronic Design - Ideas for Design / Before the MAX6629/30/31/32 series of temperature sensors 
				were available, all digital-output temperature sensors were I2C 
				(alternatively called SMBus) sensors that had to be written to 
				for addressing, before they were read. Prior SPI...   | 
			
				| 
				
				Replace An External Gate With a Resistor : 08/17/98 
				EDN-Design Ideas  | 
			
				| 
				 |